Alain Badiou | The Four Principles of Marxism

2021-02-16 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Alain Badiou · Communism · Friedrich Engels · Karl Marx · MarxismLeave a comment

  […]   What do you retain as essential of the thought of Marx for thinking the present period politically? What has been and what is today your conception of communism? For me, communism resides in the final instance in four principles, established and legitimated by both the Marxist theoretical analysis of human societies and by the militant heritage of Marxism throughout the last two centuries. These principles are all concerned with the possibilities of transformation of what constitutes, for at least five thousand years (since the formation of the Neolithic Era), the principle of class in human society. First,…

Keston Sutherland | The poetics of ‘Capital’

2020-12-272020-12-27 Categories: Philosophy & Politics · Poetry & PoeticsTags: Antonio Negri · Friedrich Engels · Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel · Karl Marx · Keston Sutherland · MarxismLeave a comment

  A year before the first English edition of Capital was published under his supervision in 1886, Engels issued a brief polemic against the pretensions of anyone reckless enough to think that this great work could be translated into English by a mere amateur man of letters. The target of the polemic is Henry Mayers Hyndman, identified in the essay by his pseudonym John Broadhouse. After reading the French translation of Capital in 1880, Hyndman had published in 1881 a short book, England for All, two chapters of which were so thoroughly plagiarized from Marx’s work that they in effect…

Carla Lonzi | Let’s Spit on Hegel

2020-11-182021-11-13 Categories: DériveTags: Antonio Gramsci · Carla Lonzi · Clara Zetkin · Friedrich Engels · Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel · Karl Marx · Martha Bernays · Marxism · Rivolta Femminile · Sigmund Freud · Sputiamo su Hegel · Vladimir Lenin1 Comment

  The feminine problem is the relationship of any woman – deprived as she is of power, of history, of culture, of a role of her own – to any man: his power, his history, his culture, his absolute role. This problem calls into question the whole of man’s work and thought; man who has had no awareness of woman as a human being on the same level as himself. In the eighteenth century we demanded equality, and Olympe de Gouges went to the scaffold for her Declaration of the Rights of Women. The demand for equality of women with…

Jacques Rancière & Philippe Lafosse | Politics and Aesthetics in the Straubs’ Films

2020-07-022020-07-02 Categories: Jacques Rancière · Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Bertolt Brecht · Communism · Friedrich Hölderlin · Jacques Rancière · Jean-Luc Godard · Jean-Marie Straub / Danièle Huillet · Marxism · Medvedkin Group · Philippe Lafosse · RevolutionLeave a comment

  Jacques Rancière, Philippe Lafosse and the public in conversation about Straub-Huillet after a screening of From the Clouds to the Resistance and Workers, Peasants Monday, February 16, 2004, Jean Vigo Cinema, Nice, France     PHILIPPE LAFOSSE: It seemed interesting to us, after having seen twelve films by Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet and talked about them together, to ask another viewer, a philosopher and cinephile, to talk to us about these filmmakers. Jacques Rancière is with us this evening to tackle a subject that we’ve entitled “Politics and Aesthetics in the Straubs’ Films,” knowing that we could then look into other…

Stuart Hall | Culture and Power

2020-06-192020-06-19 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Antonio Gramsci · Cultural Studies · Jacques Derrida · Louis Althusser · Marxism · Michel Foucault · New Left Review · Stuart HallLeave a comment

  Interviewed by Peter Osborne and Lynne Segal   RP: How would you describe the current state of cultural studies in Britain in relation to its past? Hall: Itʼs a question of how far back you want to go, because everybody has a narrative about this and everybodyʼs narrative is different. There was certainly something  distinctive about the founding moment in the 1960s, but even during that period, when it was mainly Birmingham, the field was transformed several times by some pretty major reconfigurations; and in any case, there was never simply one thing going on at any one time….

Mario Tronti | I am defeated

2020-06-142020-06-14 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: AUTONOMIA · Class Struggle · Communism · Mario Tronti · Marxism · OperaismoLeave a comment

  Under the soles of his shoes, you can still recognise the dirt of history. “This is all that remains. A mix of straw and shit by which we delude ourselves into erecting cathedrals to the worker’s dream.“ Here’s a man, I say to myself, imbued with a consistency that bursts through in a total melancholy. It’s Mario Tronti, the most celebrated of the theorists of Operaismo. He has only recently finished writing a book on this subject: the origins of his thought, how it has changed and what it is today. I don’t know who will publish it (I…

Amiri Baraka | STOP KILLER COPS

2020-06-032020-06-03 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: Amiri Baraka · etc. · Marxism · Resistance · Revolution · SabotageLeave a comment

Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) During the Newark Riots, July 14-1967 [by Fred W. McDarrah]     Shortly after the 1965 publication of his novel The System of Dante’s Hell, Amiri Baraka – then still named LeRoi Jones – wondered in an interview whether the energies he had put into writing it might not have been better used to ‘devise a method for blowing up the White House’.  Sean Bonney     STOP KILLER COPS Gun flash beats the child’s head in, maniac teeth dance in a bloody grin blue lies, badge confessions, yng dude dead just beyond his mama’s arms, In…

Keston Sutherland | Free Dissociation/Logic

2020-04-022020-10-30 Categories: Philosophy & Politics · Poetry & PoeticsTags: Anna Mendelssohn · Friedrich Engels · Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel · Karl Marx · Louis Althusser · Ludwig Feuerbach · Marxism · Pierre MachereyLeave a comment

    pladd. (you who say either) nothing can be clear when knowing the associations are read by unread people, exposées, exposures. new poems for old. groovy. associations and world societies of interactive growth. groan. a place full of untrained actors absorbing dimensions of cradling pain securing test periods of temperature change. sewing elbes to harare, scratch luck. nothing matches the theoretical tuck. nutmeg. primus stove. raised eyebrows. work sharing. retreat into the forest. the silver conifers. the crumbs. chums. biceps & musical hairs. plaesthetics. planna vanne. plin plor plon pladverbially plodding along with a net in sturdy boots, add…

Jacques Rancière | The Fraternal Image; interviewed by Serge Daney & Serge Toubiana

2020-03-092020-03-09 Categories: Jacques Rancière · Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Collectif Cinélutte · Communism · Dziga Vertov Group · Film · Jacques Rancière · Jean-Luc Godard · Jean-Marie Straub / Danièle Huillet · Jean-Pierre Gorin · Karl Marx · Marxism · Resistance · RevolutionLeave a comment

Originally published as ‘L’Image Fraternelle‘, Cahiers du Cinéma, nos. 268-269, part of a special issue dedicated to “Images de Marque” (July-August 1976). Source: Diagonal Thoughts     Cahiers: If we consider two films, ‘Milestones’ (Robert Kramer & John Douglas) and ‘Numéro Deux’ (Jean-Luc Godard & Anne-Marie Miéville), it seems to us that the first has a genealogical dimension that is completely absent in the second. We could say that ‘Milestones’ has a place in a history of “genres” (American cinema) while ‘Numéro Deux’ has a place in a history of “forms” (European cinema). The result is that ‘Milestones’, but perhaps…

The Power of Political, Militant, ‘Leftist’ Cinema. Interview with Jacques Rancière

2020-03-092020-03-09 Categories: Jacques Rancière · Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Bertolt Brecht · Communism · Dziga Vertov · Dziga Vertov Group · Film · Gilles Deleuze · Jacques Rancière · Javier Bassas Vila · Jean-Luc Godard · Jean-Marie Straub / Danièle Huillet · Jean-Pierre Gorin · Marxism · Medvedkin Group · Pedro Costa · Revolution · Serge Daney · Sergei EisensteinLeave a comment

  By Javier Bassa Vila Jacques Rancière’s thought is undisciplined, at least in two different but interlinked senses. On the one hand, in the 1970s Rancière suggested a reading of Marxism that broke with the dominant interpretations of the time, specially with the scientifist Marxism imposed by Althusser (see La leçon d’Althusser, originally published in 1976 and re-published in 2012 by La Fabrique – and due to come out soon in Spanish). On the other hand, the broad interest that his thought has triggered at an international level seems to be also the consequence of another in-discipline: his reflections are…

José Revueltas | So that Mayakovsky’s Suicide not be Repeated

2020-02-032020-02-03 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: Communism · José Revueltas · Marxism · Vladimir MayakovskyLeave a comment

  While in Havana for a period of six months in 1961, working at a worthy task at the Cinematography Institute alongside the best youth of Cuba’s film industry, I once suggested to a small group of young intellectuals that we form a club or literary circle to debate the problems a writer must face under socialism. The circle, club, or whatever would develop from that idea, would have the following theme – theme and program at the same time: “so that Mayakovsky’s suicide not be repeated.” The idea did not prosper, although not for any weighty reason. That is,…

Walter Benjamin | The Author as Producer

2019-12-052019-12-26 Categories: Philosophy & Politics · Poetry & PoeticsTags: Bertolt Brecht · Communism · Marxism · Sergei Tretyakov (Tretiakov) · Walter BenjaminLeave a comment

    II s’agit de gagner les intellectuels “la classe ouvriere, en leur faisant prendre conscience de l’identité de leurs de-marches spirituelles et de leurs conditions de producteur. – Ramon Fernandez   You recall how Plato treats the poets in his projected State. In the interest of the community, he does not allow them to live there. He had a high idea of the power of poetry. But he considered it destructive, superfluous – in a perfect community, needless to say. Since then, the question of the poet’s right to exist has not often been stated with the same insistence;…

Pier Paolo Pasolini | A Desperate Vitality

2019-11-012020-10-07 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: Jean-Luc Godard · Marxism · Pier Paolo PasoliniLeave a comment

  I (Draft, in a cursus in present-day jargon, of what has just transpired: Fiumicino, the old castle, and a first real idea of death.) As in a film by Godard: alone in a car speeding down the motorways of Latin neo-capitalism — returning from the airport — [where Moravia stayed behind, a pure soul with his bags] alone, “racing his Alfa Romeo“ in sunlight so heavenly it cannot be put into rhymes not elegiac — the finest sun we’ve had all year — as in a film by Godard: under a sun bleeding motionless unique, the canal of the…

César Vallejo | From “Art and Revolution”

2019-07-112020-10-02 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: André Breton · César Vallejo · Class Struggle · Communism · Cubism · Friedrich Nietzsche · Fyodor Gladkov · Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes · Jacques Rigaud · Karl Marx · Lautréamont · Marxism · Michel Leiris · Pierre Reverdy · Revolution · Roger Vitrac · Sergei Jessenin · Sergei Kolbasiev · Stéphane Mallarmé · Surrealism · Vladimir Lenin · Vladimir Mayakovsky1 Comment

    THE REVOLUTIONARY FUNCTION OF THOUGHT Confusion is a phenomenon with a permanent, organic character in bourgeois society. Confusion grows ever thicker when it is addressed as already confusing problems by the very historical terms of its utterance. The latter occurs with the brand new and, at once, very old problem of the intellectual’s obligations with regard to revolution. As posed by historical materialists, this problem is already a tangle. When formulated or simply outlined by bourgeois intellectuals, it acquires the aspect of insoluble chaos. *** “The philosophers,” Marx says, “have only interpreted the world in various ways. The…

Deleuze, Marx and Politics ((The Grandeur of Marx)) | by Nicholas Thoburn

2018-12-262018-12-26 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Antonio Negri · AUTONOMIA · Communism · Deleuze & Guattari · Dziga Vertov · Film · Friedrich Nietzsche · Gilles Deleuze · Karl Marx · Marxism · Sergei Eisenstein · SpinozaLeave a comment

→ Full book: PDF NICHOLAS THOBURN DELEUZE, MARX AND POLITICS FIRST PUBLISHED 2003 BY ROUTLEDGE     Introduction: The grandeur of Marx   For the race summoned forth by art or philosophy is not the one that claims to be pure but rather an oppressed, bastard, lower, anarchical, nomadic, and irremediably minor race. Deleuze/Guattari; What is Philosophy? one does not belong to communism, and communism does not let itself be designated by what it names. Maurice Blanchot; Friendship Gilles Deleuze’s comment that his last book, uncompleted before his death, was to be called The Grandeur of Marx leaves a fitting…

HERE & ELSEWHERE / HIER UND ANDERSWO

2018-12-212020-07-11 Categories: WorksTags: Communism · Film · Harun Farocki · Jean-Luc Godard · Marxism · Paul Celan · Revolution · Riots · Sergei EisensteinLeave a comment

[…] Before she too is slaughtered by the Bourgeois (the mob of order), Rosa Luxemburg writes about Bacchanalia, which the bourgeoisie regularly holds upon its victims. From the perverse happiness of the tormentors: the whispering of the pariahs in secret. Gaps of ghastly proportions. Maintained by continuous police work, by the breeding of greenhouse roses, laws & border installations. The liquidation of the poetic word. Chalk circles one makes around a pair of shoes, a bicycle, a pool of blood [the stigmata of capitalism].

The Invisible Committee | The Coming Insurrection

2018-12-122018-12-12 Categories: DériveTags: Class Struggle · Communism · Democracy · Marxism · Resistance · Revolution · Sabotage · Tarnac · The Coming Insurrection · The Invisible Committee2 Comments

From whatever angle you approach it, the present offers no way out. This is not the least of its virtues. From those who seek hope above all, it tears away every firm ground. Those who claim to have solutions are contradicted almost immediately. Everyone agrees that things can only get worse. “The future has no future” is the wisdom of an age that, for all its appearance of perfect normalcy, has reached the level of consciousness of the first punks. The sphere of political representation has come to a close. From left to right, it’s the same nothingness striking the…

Jean-Marie Gleize | A Preparatory Act | Insurrection [8th December 2018: Julien Coupat preemptively arrested]

2018-12-082018-12-09 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: Class Struggle · Communism · Democracy · Gilets Jaunes · Jean-Marie Gleize · Julien Coupat · Marxism · Resistance · Revolution1 Comment

  Saturday, 8 December 2018:  Julien Coupat preemptively arrested    a preparatory act …   successive laws has constructed a system of emergency powers which renews the lois scélérates the charge of “criminal conspiracy to commit a terrorist act” it takes only two people to constitute a “terrorist group” and it takes only a preparatory act for the infraction to be so defined. This preparatory act is not specified relation—even tenuous or remote, even love or friendship—with any of the opposed to common law which criminalizes the acts, the antiterrorist approach implicated in a terrorist activity without having to establish a…

Alain Badiou | The Century & Poetry and Communism

2018-11-222020-10-31 Categories: Philosophy & Politics · Poetry & PoeticsTags: Alain Badiou · Bertolt Brecht · César Vallejo · Communism · Marxism · Nāzim Hikmet · RevolutionLeave a comment

Alain Badiou | The Century  PDF   Everywhere, the twentieth century has been judged and condemned: the century of totalitarian terror, of utopian and criminal ideologies, of empty illusions, of genocides, of false avant-gardes, of democratic realism everywhere replaced by abstraction. It is not Badiou’s wish to plead for an accused that is perfectly capable of defending itself without the authors aid. Nor does he seek to proclaim, like Frantz, the hero of Sartre’s Prisoners of Altona, ‘I have taken the century on my shoulders and I have said: I will answer for it!’ The Century simply aims to examine what…

Jacques Rancière | Staging the People

2018-11-182018-11-18 Categories: Jacques Rancière · Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Antonio Gramsci · Arthur Rimbaud · Class Struggle · Communism · Film · Jacques Rancière · Jean-Luc Godard · Joseph Jacotot · Karl Marx · Louis Althusser · Marxism · Michel Foucault · Resistance · RevolutionLeave a comment

Jacques Rancière | Staging the People The Proletarian and His Double  PDF   These essays from the 1970s mark the inception of the distinctive project that Jacques Rancière has pursued across forty years, with four interwoven themes: the study of working-class identity, of its philosophical interpretation, of “heretical” knowledge and of the relationship between work and leisure. For the short-lived journal Les Révoltes Logiques, Rancière wrote on subjects ranging across a hundred years, from the California Gold Rush to trade-union collaboration with fascism, from early feminism to the “dictatorship of the proletariat,” from the respectability of the Paris Exposition to…

Roque Dalton | The Petite Bourgeoisie

2018-11-112019-11-10 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: Communism · Marxism · Revolution · Roque DaltonLeave a comment

Toward a Better Love “Sex is a political condition.” — Kate Millet No one disputes that sex is a condition in the world of the couple: from there, tenderness and its wild branches. No one disputes that sex is a domestic condition: from there, kids, nights in common and days divided (he, looking for bread in the street, in offices or factories; she, in the rear-guard of domestic functions, in the strategy and tactic of the kitchen that allows survival in a common struggle at least to the end of the month). No one disputes that sex is an economic…

Harun Farocki / Kaja Silverman | Speaking about Godard

2018-11-012019-11-16 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Communism · Film · Harun Farocki · Jean-Luc Godard · Kaja Silverman · Marxism · RevolutionLeave a comment

Kaja Silverman and Harun Farocki Speaking about Godard Full book / PDF   “Probably the most prominent living filmmaker, and one of the foremost directors of the postwar era, Jean Luc-Godard has received astonishingly little critical attention in the United States. With Speaking about Godard, leading film theorist Kaja Silverman and filmmaker Harun Farocki have made one of the most significant contributions to film studies in recent memory: a lively set of conversations about Godard and his major films, from Contempt to Passion. Combining the insights of a feminist film theorist with those of an avant-garde filmmaker, these eight dialogues–each representing…

Italy 1977-8: Living with an earthquake – Red Notes

2018-10-232018-10-23 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: AUTONOMIA · Class Struggle · Communism · Félix Guattari · Lotta Continua · Marxism · Nanni Balestrini · Red Notes · RevolutionLeave a comment

  Italy 1977-8: Living with an earthquake – Red Notes A pamphlet from a time when a very high level of class struggle dominated Italian society. Despite their differences – the state, church, fascists, Communist Party and unions were all united in opposition to the the radical social movement.    A. Preface We have called our pamphlet “Living With An Earthquake”. This earthquake is not just the crisis at Government level – it is a quite new political upheaval affecting the whole of Italian society. We have produced this pamphlet because it is vitally important that the out­side world should…

Jean-Luc Godard | What is to be done? // British Sounds, by J.-L. Godard [DVG]

2018-10-212019-05-29 Categories: Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Bertolt Brecht · British Sounds · Communism · Dziga Vertov Group · Film · Jean-Luc Godard · Jean-Pierre Gorin · Marxism · Resistance · RevolutionLeave a comment

  Written in January 1970 at the request of Simon Field and Peter Sainsbury for the magazine Afterimage, produced by Peter Whitehead. Published in Afterimage n°1, April 1970. Translated from French by Mo Teitelbaum. We must make political films. We must make films politically. 1 and 2 are antagonist to each other and belong to two opposing conceptions of the world. 1 belongs to the idealistic and metaphysical conception of the world. 2 belongs to the Marxist and dialectical conception of the world. Marxism struggles against idealism and the dialectical against the metaphysical. This struggle is the struggle between the…

Jacques Rancière | The Red of ‘La Chinoise’: Godard’s Politics

2018-10-142018-10-14 Categories: Jacques RancièreTags: Communism · Film · Jacques Rancière · Jean-Luc Godard · Louis Althusser · Maoism · Marxism · RevolutionLeave a comment

  How should we understand the politics Godard puts into play with his cinematographic practice in La Chinoise? The opinions on the matter have more or less followed the fluxes and refluxes of the left. Accused when first released of being just a caricature, and not a serious representation, of real militant Maoists, the film was later praised as a brilliant anticipation of the events of May 1968, and as a lucid look both at the passing infatuation with Maoism by bourgeois youngsters and at the outcomes of that infatuation: the return to order and terrorism. The question of whether…

Tiqqun | This Is Not a Program

2018-09-202019-03-02 Categories: Dérive · Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Antonio Negri · AUTONOMIA · Communism · Deleuze & Guattari · Democracy · Félix Guattari · Giorgio Agamben · Guy Debord · Mario Tronti · Marxism · May '68 · Nanni Balestrini · Revolution · Riots · Situationist International · The Coming Insurrection · TiqqunLeave a comment

“’77 wasn’t like ’68. ’68 was anti-establishment, ’77 was radically alternative. This is why the ‘official’ version portrays ’68 as good and ’77 as bad; in fact, ’68 was co-opted whereas ’77 was annihilated. This is why, unlike ’68, ’77 could never make for an easy object of celebration.”
— Nanni Balestrini, Primo Moroni, L’orda d’oro

The Angry Brigade: Communiques and Documents

2018-09-162020-01-29 Categories: DériveTags: Anna Mendelssohn · Communism · Marxism · Resistance · Revolution · Riots · The Angry BrigadeLeave a comment

Introduction The eight libertarian militants on trial in the Old Bailey in 1972 who were chosen by the British State to be the ‘conspirators’ of the Angry Brigade, found themselves facing not only the class enemy with all its instruments of repression, but also the obtusity and incomprehension — when not condemnation — of the organised left. Described as ‘mad’, ‘terrorists’, ‘adventurists’, or at best authors of ‘gestures of a worrying desperation’, the Angry Brigade were condemned without any attempt to analyse their actions or to understand what they signified in the general context of the class struggle in course….

Guy Debord | All the King’s Men

2018-09-16 Categories: DériveTags: Guy Debord · Lautréamont · Marxism · Revolution · Situationist InternationalLeave a comment

What is poetry if not the revolutionary moment of language, inseparable as such from the revolutionary moments of history and from the history of personal life? […] The point is not to put poetry at the service of revolution, but to put revolution at the service of poetry. […] Every revolution has been born in poetry, has first of all been made with the force of poetry. This phenomenon continues to escape theorists of revolution — indeed, it cannot be understood if one still clings to the old conception of revolution or of poetry . . .

Theses on the Paris Commune | Guy Debord, Attila Kotányi & Raoul Vaneigem

2018-09-14 Categories: Dérive · Philosophy & PoliticsTags: Guy Debord · Louis Auguste Blanqui · Marxism · Revolution · The Paris CommuneLeave a comment

The Commune represents the only implementation of a revolutionary urbanism to date — attacking on the spote the petrified signs of the dominant organization of life, understanding social space in political terms, refusing to accept the innoncence of any monument. Anyone who disparages this attack as some “lumpenproletarian nihilism,“ some “irresponsibility of the pétroleuses,“ should specify what he believes to be of positive value in the present society and worth preserving (it will turn out to be almost everything).

Two Poets — Anna Mendelssohn & Miyó Vestrini

2018-08-152020-07-07 Categories: Poetry & PoeticsTags: Anna Mendelssohn · Anne Boyer · César Vallejo · Charles Baudelaire · Marxism · Militant Poetics · Miyó Vestrini · Riots · Sean BonneyLeave a comment

  Anna Mendelssohn Anna Mendelssohn, also known as Grace Lake, who has died aged 61 of a brain tumour, was principally a poet, and a poet like no other, but was also a painter, musician, actor and, earlier in her life, a political activist. She came from what she described as “a very strict working-class socialistic Jewish background” in Stockport, Cheshire. But what impelled her throughout her life was a 1960s spirit of radical revolt. At first it was political but, after a great turning point in her life, it was artistic. She was educated at Stockport high school and…

Sean Bonney | COMETS & BARRICADES: INSURRECTIONARY IMAGINATION IN EXILE

2018-07-172018-12-26 Categories: Philosophy & Politics · Poetry & PoeticsTags: Aimé Césaire · Arthur Rimbaud · Frantz Fanon · Lautréamont · Louis Auguste Blanqui · Marxism · Revolution · Riots · Sean Bonney · The Paris Commune · Walter BenjaminLeave a comment

  Sean Bonney | COMETS & BARRICADES: INSURRECTIONARY IMAGINATION IN EXILE Let every word indicate the most frightening of distances, it would still take billions of centuries, talking at one word per second, to express a distance which is only an insignificance when it comes to infinity. ¹ Louis Auguste Blanqui; Eternity by the Stars Imprisoned on the day before the declaration of the Paris Commune, in a cell in the Fort du Taureau, ‘an ellipse-shaped fortified island lying half a mile outside of the rock shores of Morlaix at a place where, after briefly morphing into the English Channel, the…